日本ゼオライト学会　刊行物 Publication of Japan Zeolite Association

Zeolites possessing basic properties have been developed for the catalysts for base-catalyzed reactions. The present review describes the methods for characterization of basic properties, the preparative methods for basic zeolites, and applications of the basic zeolites to organic reactions.

For characterization, the binding energies of O_1s of the frame oxygen and of N_1s of the adsorbed pyrrol measured by XPS reflect the basic properties of the zeolites. The wave numbers of N-H stretching of the adsorbed pyrrol measured by IR correlate with the basic strength of the zeolites. The basic strength is also evaluated by TPD of the adsorbed CO₂.

The basic properties of the zeolites are able to be adjusted by selecting the alkali ions as exchanged cation and the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite framework. Strongly basic zeolites can be prepared by encapsulation of basic materials such as alkali oxides and imides of rare earth elements.

The applications of basic zeolites to organic reactions are described for the following reactions: double bond migration of olefine, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, alkylation, aldol condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, and ring transformation.